Skip to main content

Exadata- An Introduction


<<Back to Exadata Main Page

What is Oracle Exadata

The Oracle Exadata Database Machine is a combined compute and storage system marketed for running Oracle Database software.
It primarily consists
Storage Grid (Storage Machines)
Compute Grid (Database Machines)
Network Grid (Network Components)
An oracle Exadata machine comes as Full Rack, Half Rack, Quarter Rack and Eighth Rack. An overview of hardware configuration and differences among them are presented in the below table

Hardware Components of Oracle Exadata Database Machine

Edition Oracle Exadata Database Machine Full Rack Oracle Exadata Database Machine Half Rack Oracle Exadata Database Machine Quarter Rack Oracle Exadata Database Machine Eighth Rack
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X7-2 8 database servers 4 database servers 2 database servers 2 database servers. Each server has 1x 24-core processor with all 24-cores enabled
14 Exadata Storage Server X7-2 Servers 7 Exadata Storage Server X7-2 Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X7-2 Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X7-2 Servers. Each server has:
– 2 x 10-core processors, each with 5 cores enabled
– 2 PCI flash cards, each with 6.4 TB (raw) Smart Flash Cache and 6 x 10 TB 7,200 RPM High Capacity disks, OR
– 8 PCI flash drives, 4 enabled, each with 3.2 TB (raw) storage
2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (1- phase or 3- phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Nexus 93108-1G Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Nexus 93108-1G Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Nexus 93108-1G Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Nexus 93108-1G Ethernet switch
Raw PCI flash capacity: 716.8 TB for EF, or 358.4 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 358.4 TB for EF, or 179.2 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 153.6 TB for EF, or 76.8 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 76.8 TB for EF, or 38.4 TB for HC
Raw hard disk capacity: 1680 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 840 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 360 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 180 TB for HC disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X7-8 2 database servers Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
14 Exadata Storage Server X7-2 Servers
2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Nexus 93108-1G Ethernet switch
Raw PCI flash capacity: 716.8 TB for EF, or 358.4 TB for HC
Raw hard disk capacity: 1680 TB for high capacity disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X6-2 8 database servers 4 database servers 2 database servers 2 database servers. Each server has 2 x 22-core processors, each with 11 cores enabled:
14 Exadata Storage Server X6-2 Servers 7 Exadata Storage Server X6-2 Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X6-2 Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X6-2 Servers. Each server has:
– 2 x 10-core processors, each with 5 cores enabled
– 2 PCI flash cards, each with 3.2 TB (raw) Smart Flash Cache and 6 x 8 TB 7,200 RPM HC disks, OR
– 8 PCI flash drives, 4 enabled, each with 3.2 TB (raw) storage
2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (1 phase or 3 phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch
Raw PCI flash capacity: 358.4 TB for EF, or 179.2 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 179.2 TB for EF, or 89.6 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 76.8 TB for EF, or 38.4 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 38.4 TB for EF, or 19.2 TB for HC
Raw hard disk capacity: 1344 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 672 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 288 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 144 TB for HC disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X5-2 8 database servers 4 database servers 2 database servers 2 database servers. Each server has 2 18-core processors, each with 9 cores enabled
14 Exadata Storage Server X5-2 Servers 7 Exadata Storage Server X5-2 Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X5-2 Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X5-2 Servers. Each server has:
– 2 eight-core processors, each with 4 cores enabled
– 4 PCI flash cards, 2 enabled, each with 1.6 TB (raw) Smart Flash Cache and 12 x 8 TB 7,200 RPM High Capacity (HC) disks, OR
– 8 PCI flash drives, 4 enabled, each with 1.6 TB (raw) storage
2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (1 phase or 3 phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch
Raw flash capacity: 179.2 TB for EF, or 89.6 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 89.6 TB for EF, or 44.8 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 38.4 TB for EF, or 19.2 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 19.2 TB for EF, or 9.6 TB for HC
Raw hard disk capacity: 1344 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 672 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 288 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 144 TB for HC disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X5-8



Oracle Exadata Database Machine X6-8
2 database servers 2 database servers Not applicable Not applicable
14 Exadata Storage Server X5-2 Servers (X6-2 for X6-8) 3 Exadata Storage Server X5-2 Servers
2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch
Raw PCI flash capacity: 179.2 TB for EF, or 89.6 TB for HC Raw PCI flash capacity: 38.4 TB for EF, or 19.2 TB for HC
Raw hard disk capacity: 1344 TB for high capacity disks Raw hard disk capacity: 288 TB for high capacity disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X4-2 8 database servers 4 database servers 2 database servers 2 database servers
14 Exadata Storage Server X4-2L Servers 7 Exadata Storage Server X4-2L Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X4-2L Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X4-2L Servers. Each server has:
- 2 six-core processors
- 12 x 1.2 TB 10,000 RPM High Performance disks, OR
- 12 x 4 TB 7,200 RPM High Capacity disks
2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch
44.8 TB of raw flash capacity 22.4 TB of raw flash capacity 9.6 TB of raw flash capacity 4.8 TB of raw flash capacity
200 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 672 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks 100 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 386 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks 43.2 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 144 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks 21.6 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 72 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X4-8 Full Rack 2 database servers Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
14 Exadata Storage Server X4-2L Servers
2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch
44.8 TB of raw flash capacity
200 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 672 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X3-2 8 database servers 4 database servers 2 database servers 2 database servers
14 Exadata Storage Server X3-2 Servers 7 Exadata Storage Server X3-2 Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X3-2 Servers 3 Exadata Storage Server X3-2 Servers
- 2 six-core processors, each with 3 cores enabled
- 12 PCI flash cards (6 cards enabled) with 2.4 TB Exadata Smart Flash Cache
- 18 x 600 GB 15,000 RPM High Performance disks, OR 18 x 3 TB 7,200 RPM High Capacity disks (6 disks per storage server enabled)
3 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 3 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 (Oracle Exadata Database Machine Half Rack based on Sun Fire X4170 Oracle Database Servers includes two Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 switches.) 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch
22.4 TB of raw flash capacity 11.2 TB of raw flash capacity 4.8 TB of raw flash capacity 2.4 TB of raw flash capacity
100 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 504 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks 50 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 252 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks 21.6 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 108 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks 10.8 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 54 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X3-8 Full Rack with Exadata Storage Server X4-2L Servers 2 database servers Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
14 Exadata Storage Server X4-2L Servers
2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant 24 kVA PDUs (three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch
44.8 TB of raw flash capacity
200 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 672 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X3-8 Full Rack with Exadata Storage Server X3-2 Servers 2 database servers Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable
14 Exadata Storage Server X3-2 Servers
3 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant 24 kVA PDUs (three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948E-F, model number WS-C4948E-F-S Ethernet switch
22.4 TB of raw flash capacity
100 TB raw storage capacity for high performance disks, or 504 TB raw capacity for high capacity disks
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-2 8 database servers 4 database servers 2 database servers Not applicable
14 Exadata Storage Servers X2-2 7 Exadata Storage Servers X2-2 3 Exadata Storage Servers X2-2
3 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 3 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 (Oracle Exadata Database Machine Half Rack based on Sun Fire X4170 Oracle Database Servers includes two Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36 switches.) 2 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
Keyboard, video, and mouse (KVM) hardware Keyboard, video, and mouse (KVM) hardware Keyboard, video, and mouse (KVM) hardware
2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage) 2 redundant 15 kVA PDUs (single phase or three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948, model number WS-C4948-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948, model number WS-C4948-S Ethernet switch 1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948, model number WS-C4948-S Ethernet switch
5.3 TB of raw flash capacity 2.6 TB of raw flash capacity 1.1 TB of raw flash capacity
Oracle Exadata Database Machine X2-8 Full Rack 2 database servers
14 Exadata Storage Servers X2-2
3 Sun Datacenter InfiniBand Switch 36
2 redundant 24 kVA PDUs (three phase, high voltage or low voltage)
1 48-port Cisco Catalyst 4948, model number WS-C4948-S Ethernet switch
5.3 TB of raw flash capacity

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

How to Power On/off Oracle Exadata Machine

<<Back to Exadata Main Page How to Power On/off Oracle Exadata Machine Oracle Exadata machines can be powered on/off either by pressing the power button on front of the server or by logging in to the ILOM interface. Powering on servers using  button on front of the server The power on sequence is as follows. 1. Start Rack, including switches  Note:- Ensure the switches have had power applied for a few minutes to complete power on  configuration before starting Exadata Storage Servers 2.Start Exadata Storage Servers  Note:- Ensure all Exadata Storage Servers complete the boot process before starting the   database servers 3. Start Database Servers Powering On Servers Remotely using ILOM The ILOM can be accessed using the Web console, the command-line interface (CLI), IPMI, or SNMP. For example, to apply power to server dm01cel01 using IPMI, where dm01cel01-ilom is the host name of the ILOM for the serve...

ORA-28374: typed master key not found in wallet

<<Back to Oracle DB Security Main Page ORA-46665: master keys not activated for all PDBs during REKEY SQL> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT SET KEY FORCE KEYSTORE IDENTIFIED BY xxxx WITH BACKUP CONTAINER = ALL ; ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT SET KEY FORCE KEYSTORE IDENTIFIED BY xxxx WITH BACKUP CONTAINER = ALL * ERROR at line 1: ORA-46665: master keys not activated for all PDBs during REKEY I found following in the trace file REKEY: Create Key in PDB 3 resulted in error 46658 *** 2019-02-06T15:27:04.667485+01:00 (CDB$ROOT(1)) REKEY: Activation of Key AdnU5OzNP08Qv1mIyXhP/64AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA in PDB 3 resulted in error 28374 REKEY: Keystore needs to be restored from the REKEY backup.Aborting REKEY! Cause: All this hassle started because I accidently deleted the wallet and all wallet backup files too and also forgot the keystore password. There was no way to restore the wallet back. Fortunately in my case the PDB which had encrypted data was supposed to be deco...

How to Find VIP of an Oracle RAC Cluster

<<Back to Oracle RAC Main Page How to Find Out VIP of an Oracle RAC Cluster Login clusterware owner (oracle) and execute the below command to find out the VIP hostname used in Oracle RAC $ olsnodes -i node1     node1-vip node2     node2-vip OR $ srvctl config nodeapps -viponly Network 1 exists Subnet IPv4: 10.0.0.0/255.255.0.0/bondeth0, static Subnet IPv6: Ping Targets: Network is enabled Network is individually enabled on nodes: Network is individually disabled on nodes: VIP exists: network number 1, hosting node node1 VIP Name: node1-vip VIP IPv4 Address: 10.0.0.1 VIP IPv6 Address: VIP is enabled. VIP is individually enabled on nodes: VIP is individually disabled on nodes: VIP exists: network number 1, hosting node node2 VIP Name: node2-vip VIP IPv4 Address: 10.0.0.2 VIP IPv6 Address: VIP is enabled. VIP is individually enabled on nodes: VIP is individually disabled on nodes:

ORA-46630: keystore cannot be created at the specified location

<<Back to DB Administration Main Page ORA-46630: keystore cannot be created at the specified location CDB011> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT CREATE KEYSTORE '+DATAC4/CDB01/wallet/' IDENTIFIED BY "xxxxxxx"; ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT CREATE KEYSTORE '+DATAC4/CDB01/wallet/' IDENTIFIED BY "EncTest123" * ERROR at line 1: ORA-46630: keystore cannot be created at the specified location Cause  Creating a keystore at a location where there is already a keystore exists Solution To solve the problem, use a different location to create a keystore (use ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION in sqlnet.ora file to specify the keystore location), or move this ewallet.p12 file to some other location. Note: Oracle does not recommend deleting keystore file (ewallet.p12) that belongs to a database. If you have multiple keystores, you can choose to merge them rather than deleting either of them.

ORA-65104: operation not allowed on an inactive pluggable database alter pluggable database open

<<Back to DB Administration Main Page ORA-65104: operation not allowed on an inactive pluggable database SQL> alter pluggable database TEST_CLON open; alter pluggable database TEST_CLON open * ERROR at line 1: ORA-65104: operation not allowed on an inactive pluggable database Cause The pluggable database status was UNUSABLE. It was still being created or there was an error during the create operation. A PDB can only be opened if it is successfully created and its status is marked as NEW in cdb_pdbs.status column SQL> select PDB_NAME,STATUS from cdb_pdbs; PDB_NAME             STATUS -------------------- --------------------------- PDB$SEED             NORMAL TEST_CLON            UNUSABLE Solution:  Drop the PDB and create it again. Related Posts How to Clone Oracle PDB (Pluggable Database) with in the Same Container

ORA-16905: The member was not enabled yet

<<Back to Oracle DataGuard Main Page ORA-16905 Physical Standby Database is disabled DGMGRL> show configuration; Configuration - DG_ORCL1P   Protection Mode: MaxPerformance   Members:   ORCL1PP - Primary database     ORCL1PS - Physical standby database (disabled)       ORA-16905: The member was not enabled yet. Fast-Start Failover:  Disabled Configuration Status: SUCCESS   (status updated 58 seconds ago) DGMGRL> DGMGRL> enable database 'ORCL1PS'; Enabled. DGMGRL>  show configuration; Configuration - DG_ORCL1P   Protection Mode: MaxPerformance   Members:   ORCL1PP - Primary database     ORCL1PS - Physical standby database Fast-Start Failover:  Disabled Configuration Status: SUCCESS   (status updated 38 seconds ago)

How to Switch Log File from All Instances in RAC

<<Back to Oracle RAC Main Page Switch The Log File of All Instances in Oracle RAC. In many cases you need to switch the logfile of the database. You can switch logfile using alter system switch logfile command but if you want to switch the logfile from all the instances you need to execute the command on all the instances individually and therefore you must login on all the instances. You can avoid this and switch logfile of all instances by just running the below command from any of the instance in RAC database SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH ALL LOGFILE;   System altered.

Starting RMAN and connecting to Database

  <<Back to Oracle Backup & Recovery Main Page Starting RMAN and connecting to Database Starting RMAN and connecting to Database To start RMAN you need to set the environment and type rman and press enter. You can connect to database either using connect command or using command line option. using command line option localhost:$ export ORACLE_HOME=/ora_app/product/18c/dbd2 localhost:$ export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH localhost:$ export ORACLE_SID=ORCL1P localhost:$ rman target / Recovery Manager: Release 18.0.0.0.0 - Production on Sun Apr 4 08:11:01 2021 Version 18.11.0.0.0 Copyright (c) 1982, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved. connected to target database: ORCL1P (DBID=4215484517) RMAN> using connect option localhost:$ rman RMAN> connect target sys@ORCL1P  target database Password:******** connected to target database: ORCL1P (DBID=4215484517) NOTE: To use connect command you need to ensure that  you have proper TNS sentry...

How to Attach to a Datapump Job and Check Status of Export or Import

<<Back to Oracle DATAPUMP Main Page How to check the progress of  export or import Jobs You can attach to the export/import  job using ATTACH parameter of oracle datapump utility. Once you are attached to the job you check its status by typing STATUS command. Let us see how Step1>  Find the Export/Import Job Name You can find the datapump job information from  DBA_DATAPUMP_JOBS or  USER_DATAPUMP_JOBS view. SQL> SELECT OWNER_NAME,JOB_NAME,OPERATION,JOB_MODE,STATE from DBA_DATAPUMP_JOBS; OWNER_NAME JOB_NAME                       OPERATION            JOB_MODE   STATE ---------- ------------------------------ -------------------- ---------- ---------- SYSTEM     SYS_EXPORT_FULL_02          ...

ORA-46655: no valid keys in the file from which keys are to be imported

<<Back to DB Administration Main Page SQL> administer key management import encryption keys with secret "xxxx" from '/tmp/pdb02_tde_key.exp' force keystore identified by "xxxx" with backup; administer key management import encryption keys with secret "xxxxxx" from '/tmp/pdb02_tde_key.exp' force keystore identified by "xxxxxx" with backup * ERROR at line 1: ORA-46655: no valid keys in the file from which keys are to be imported Cause: Either the keys to be imported already present in the target database or correct container (PDB) is not set. Solution: In my case I got the error because I attempted to import the keys for newly plugged database PDB02 from CDB$ROOT container. To Solve the issue just switched to the correct container and re run the import. SQL> show con_name CON_NAME ------------------------------ CDB$ROOT <===Wrong Container selected  SQL> alter session set container=PDB02; Session alt...