How to Restart the MySQL or MariaDB Instance on Linux

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MySQL Instance is running as a service ( the process is called mysqld ) in Linux and therefore you can use service command to manage it.
Before restarting the the Instance I want to check its status

How to Check MySQL or MariaDB Instance status

There are several possible ways to check the status of MySQL or MariaDB Instance.
You need to execute the below commands from bin directory of MySQL installation.
On Linux / Windows
Option 1
mysqladmin -u  <username> -p Status
mysqladmin -u  galera -p status
Enter password: *******
Uptime: 154500  Threads: 3  Questions: 205  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 131  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 118  Queries per second avg: 0.001

Option 2
mysqladmin -u  <username> -p ping
# mysqladmin -u galera -p ping
Enter password: *******
mysqld is alive

Option3
On Linux only
#service mysqld status
mysqld (pid  26675) is running...

On Windows only
open cmd-->type services.msc--> locate service mysql
Check the MySQL service Status

How to Stop MySQL or MariaDB  Instance

to stop MySQL instance you can use service mysqld stop command. To make sure there is no application session connected to the instance before restarting it use show processlist command.
mysql> show processlist;

Since there is no application session connected it is safe to stop the instance
#service mysqld stop
Stopping mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

How to Start MySQL or MariaDB  Instance

#service mysqld start
starting mysqld:                                           [  OK  ]

How to Find the Uptime of MySQL or MariaDB  Instance

to find the up time of your MySQL or MariaDB Instance  login to your MySQL/MariaDB  server and execute below command. As always there are multiple ways to find it

MariaDB [(none)]> show status like 'Uptime';
+---------------+---------+
| Variable_name | Value   |
+---------------+---------+
| Uptime        | 1110600 |
+---------------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Note:- The Uptime value displayed here is in Seconds. My MySQL instance is running since
1110600 seconds

MariaDB [(none)]> \s;
--------------
mysql  Ver 15.1 Distrib 10.2.12-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64) using readline 5.1
Connection id:          820689
Current database:
Current user:           root@localhost
SSL:                    Not in use
Current pager:          stdout
Using outfile:          ''
Using delimiter:        ;
Server:                 MariaDB
Server version:         10.2.12-MariaDB-log MariaDB Server
Protocol version:       10
Connection:             Localhost via UNIX socket
Server characterset:    utf8
Db     characterset:    utf8
Client characterset:    utf8
Conn.  characterset:    utf8
UNIX socket:            /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
Uptime:                 12 days 20 hours 32 min 17 sec
Threads: 93  Questions: 36445319  Slow queries: 467315  Opens: 1477  Flush tables: 1  Open tables: 1024  Queries per second avg: 32.811
--------------
ERROR: No query specified

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