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Step by Step How to Configure Software Keystore/ Oracle Wallet


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How to Configure a Software Keystore

A software keystore is a container that stores the Transparent Data Encryption master encryption key.
To configure a software Keystore follow the steps below.
Step 1: Set the Keystore Location in the sqlnet.ora File
You can store the software keystore (also known as wallet) in file system or in ASM Diskgroup. Does not matter where you want to store the keystore you have modify the sqlnet.ora and make an entry accordingly
Make an entry as shown below in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora file
Example1: If Storing the Wallet in ASM
ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION=
 (SOURCE=(METHOD=FILE)
   (METHOD_DATA=
    (DIRECTORY=+DG_TST_DATA/$ORACLE_SID/wallet)
   )
 )
 Example2: If Storing the Wallet in File System
ENCRYPTION_WALLET_LOCATION=
 (SOURCE=(METHOD=FILE)
   (METHOD_DATA=
    (DIRECTORY=/u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/$ORACLE_SID)
   )
 )
NOTE: Ensure that the path you entered in DIRECTORY exists. If not create it
Step2: Create the Software KeyStore
There are three different types of software keystores. password-based,auto-login and local auto-login
You can read HERE about them in detail.

Creating the Password Based Software KeyStore

A> login as sysdba or as syskm
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
SQL>
B> The output below shows that there is no wallet present
SQL>set linesize 200
SQL>col WALLET_DIR for a32
SQL>col status for a21
SQL>select STATUS,WRL_PARAMETER WALLET_DIR,WALLET_TYPE from V$ENCRYPTION_WALLET;
STATUS                WALLET_DIR                       WALLET_TYPE
--------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------
NOT_AVAILABLE         /u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/ UNKNOWN
C> Create the Wallet
SQL>  ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT CREATE KEYSTORE '/u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/' IDENTIFIED BY xxxx;
keystore altered.
D> Check the Wallet Status
SQL>select STATUS,WRL_PARAMETER WALLET_DIR,WALLET_TYPE from V$ENCRYPTION_WALLET;

STATUS                WALLET_DIR                       WALLET_TYPE
--------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------
CLOSED                /u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/ UNKNOWN
$ ls -lrt /u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/
-rw------- 1 dbatst1 asmadmin 2408 Nov 20 16:03 ewallet.p12

Creating the Auto Login Software KeyStore
Follow all the steps (from A to D) from Step2 and then step E as shown below
E> Create Auto Login Wallet from Password Based Wallet
SQL> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT CREATE AUTO_LOGIN KEYSTORE FROM KEYSTORE '/u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/' IDENTIFIED BY xxxx;
keystore altered.
F> Check The Wallet Status
SQL> select STATUS,WRL_PARAMETER WALLET_DIR,WALLET_TYPE from V$ENCRYPTION_WALLET;
STATUS                WALLET_DIR                       WALLET_TYPE
--------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------
OPEN_NO_MASTER_KEY    /u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/ AUTOLOGIN
$ ls -lrt /u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/-rw------- 1 dbatst1 asmadmin 2408 Nov 20 16:03 ewallet.p12
-rw------- 1 dbatst1 asmadmin 2451 Nov 20 16:17 cwallet.sso

Creating the Local Auto Login Software KeyStore
Follow all the steps (from A to D) from Step2 and then step G as shown below
G> Create Local Auto Login Wallet from Password Based Wallet
SQL> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT CREATE LOCAL AUTO_LOGIN KEYSTORE FROM KEYSTORE '/u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/' IDENTIFIED BY xxxx;
keystore altered.
H> Check The Wallet Status
SQL> select STATUS,WRL_PARAMETER WALLET_DIR,WALLET_TYPE from V$ENCRYPTION_WALLET;
STATUS                WALLET_DIR                       WALLET_TYPE
--------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------
OPEN_NO_MASTER_KEY    /u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/ LOCAL_AUTOLOGIN

 Step3: Open the Software KeyStore
A password-based software keystore must be manually opened before any TDE master encryption keys can be created or accessed in the keystore. You do not need to manually open auto-login or local auto-login software keystores These keystore are automatically opened when it is required.
Note: The  auto-login or local auto-login software keystores are opened even as soon as you select from V$ENCRYPTION_WALLET view

 A> Opening a Password Based Software Keystore
SQL> administer key management  set keystore open identified by xxxx;
keystore altered.
SQL> select STATUS,WRL_PARAMETER WALLET_DIR,WALLET_TYPE from V$ENCRYPTION_WALLET;
STATUS                WALLET_DIR                       WALLET_TYPE
--------------------- -------------------------------- --------------------
OPEN_NO_MASTER_KEY    /u01/dbatst1/admin/wallet/TST1T/ PASSWORD

 Step4: Set the Software TDE Master Encryption Key
For All PDBs in the CDB
SQL> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT SET KEY FORCE KEYSTORE IDENTIFIED BY xxxx WITH BACKUP CONTAINER = ALL ;
keystore altered.
For a Specific PDB 
SQL> ALTER SESSION SET CONTAINER=PDB01
SQL> ADMINISTER KEY MANAGEMENT SET KEY FORCE KEYSTORE IDENTIFIED BY xxx WITH BACKUP USING 'tde_key_backup' CONTAINER = CURRENT ;


keystore altered.

FORCE KEYSTORE option enables the keystore operation if the auto-login keystore is in use, or the keystore is closed the option is available from version 12.2 if you are still at 12.1 and want to use this option apply the patch for BUG 22826718 (Doc ID 1944507.1)
  • Once you have the KeyStore (wallet) you can store the master key for encrypting or decrypting the TDE table keys and tablespace encryption keys in this keystore. 
  • You can find if a keystore has no master key set or an unknown master key by querying the STATUS column of the V$ENCRYPTION_WALLET view.
  • In a multitenant environment, you can create and manage the TDE master encryption key from either the root or the PDB
  • You also can create TDE master encryption keys for use later on, and then manually activate them.
  • To set the master encryption key password based wallet must be open. If the auto-login software keystore is open,then you must close it and open the password-based software keystore.
  • If both the password-based keystore and auto-login keystores are present in the configured location and the password-based keystore is open, then the TDE master encryption key is automatically written to the auto-login keystore as well

 Step5: Encrypt your Data
Once you are done with Wallet (KeyStore) and key setup starting encrypting the confidential tables and columns to keep your data protected

 Related Posts
How to Encrypt Columns in Tables

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