Step by Step How to Create Physical Standby Using RMAN DUPLICATE FROM ACTIVE DATABASE

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How to  Create Physical Standby Using RMAN DUPLICATE FROM ACTIVE DATABASE

Assumption:

It is assumed that you already have single instance database installed and configured and you want to setup physical standby database for this primary database to protect you data from disaster recovery etc.

Installation and configuration of a single instance database using ASM is explained in following posts

Oracle 12c Database Software Only Installation in Silent Mode

Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for Standalone Server in Silent Mode

Running DBCA in Silent Mode to Create the Database

Here is the details of my Primary database for which I want to configure the Physical Standby database

Hosts and Databases Used in this Example
DB_ROLE	PRIMARY	STANDBY
HOST_NAME	test1	test2
DB_UNIQUE_NAME	TST1TP	TST1TS
DB_NAME	TST1T	TST1T

That's said lets start .....

Step1> Prepare your primary database to support physical standby database

• Put the database in Archivelog mode

If the primary database is not already in archivelog mode, put it in archive log mode

SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest_1='location=/u01/dbatst1/stage/archive/';

System altered.

SQL> shut immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SQL> startup mount;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes

Fixed Size                  8794848 bytes

Variable Size            1912605984 bytes

Database Buffers          218103808 bytes

Redo Buffers                7979008 bytes

Database mounted.

SQL> alter database archivelog;

Database altered.

SQL> alter database open;

Database altered.

SQL> archive log list;

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     4146

Next log sequence to archive   4148

Current log sequence           4148

Check out How to Enable Archive Log Mode in Oracle Database for more details

• Disabling Active Data Guard

NOTE: This step is optional and only needed if you don't want to use Oracle Active Dataguard Option or You don't have Licence for it. Since this is an static parameter it requires downtime.

SQL> alter system set "_query_on_physical"=FALSE scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup force;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes

Fixed Size                  8794848 bytes

Variable Size            1912605984 bytes

Database Buffers          218103808 bytes

Redo Buffers                7979008 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> show parameter "_query_on_physical"

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

_query_on_physical                   boolean     FALSE

• Activating Standby File Management

SQL> alter system set standby_file_management=AUTO scope=both;

System altered.

SQL> show parameter standby_file_management

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

standby_file_management              string      AUTO

• Enable forced logging

SQL> alter database force logging;

Database altered.

SQL> select force_logging from v$database;

FORCE_LOGGING

---------------------------------------

YES

Want to read more about force logging Check out Oracle Database Logging Mode and Enhancements in 18c

• Enable Flashback

SQL> alter database flashback on;
Database altered.
SQL> select flashback_on from v$database;
FLASHBACK_ON
------------------
YES

• Add Standby Logfile

The count of standby logfile group is always online logfile group +1

The Size of the standby logfile must be same as online logfile

Use below query to find the online lofile details 

SQL> select GROUP#,BYTES/1024/1024 "Online Loggroup Size in MB" from v$log;

    GROUP# Online Loggroup Size in MB
---------- --------------------------
         1                       2048
         2                       2048

Since I have 2 Online Log Group 2GB in size I must add 3 Standby logfile Group each 2GB.

SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 11 '+DG_TST_FRA' size 2048M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 12 '+DG_TST_FRA' size 2048M;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database add standby logfile group 13 '+DG_TST_FRA' size 2048M;
Database altered.

• Configure DG Broker Parameter

SQL> alter system set dg_broker_config_file1='+DG_TST_DATA/TST1T/drc1.dat';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set dg_broker_config_file1='+DG_TST_DATA/TST1T/drc2.dat';
System altered.
SQL> alter system set dg_broker_start=true;
System altered.

• Setting Unique name

DB_UNIQUE_NAME parameter of primary and standby database must be unique. As mentioned in the beginning itself I am using TST1TP as DB_UNIQUE_NAME  for Primary database

SQL> alter system set db_unique_name='TST1TP' scope=spfile;

System altered.

SQL> startup force;

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes

Fixed Size                  8794848 bytes

Variable Size            1912605984 bytes

Database Buffers          218103808 bytes

Redo Buffers                7979008 bytes

Database mounted.

Database opened.

SQL> show parameter unique

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_unique_name                       string      TST1TP

Step2> On Standby Database Server (test2) Install oracle database Binaries - same Oracle version as Primary Database

For Step by step instruction navigate to Oracle 12c Database Software Only Installation in Silent Mode

Step3> Optionally if using ASM

Install and configure ASM and ASM Diskgroups. Steps are provided at Installing and Configuring Oracle Grid Infrastructure for Standalone Server in Silent Mode

Step4> Configure Oracle Network Files

• Configuring TNSNAMES.ORA file

Configuring tnsnames.ora file
Prepare the tns entry for both primary as well as Stanby and enter in $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora file in both primary and physical stanby database servers

TST1TP =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = test1.oracle.com)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = TST1TP)
      (UR = A)
    )
  )

TST1TS =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = test2.oracle.com) (PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = TST1TS)
      (UR = A)
    )
  )

• Configure Static Entries in Listener.ora file

Note1:  Static entries are only used by the Broker itself via the Broker defined StaticConnectIdentifier property.  They are NEVER to be used for any other purpose by the user.  This includes using it for the normal DGConnectIdentifier, RMAN connections or anything else.  Also note that you must never define a static entry for the Broker 'DGB' service.  That service is for the Broker exclusive use.  Also note that using the "_DGMGRL" or "_DGB" in your TNSNAMES definition is expressly forbidden.
Note2: Static "_DGMGRL" entries are no longer needed as of Oracle Database 12.1.0.2 in Oracle Data Guard Broker configurations that are managed by Oracle Restart, RAC On Node or RAC as the Broker will use the clusterware to restart an instance.
Example:

SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME=db_unique_name_DGMGRL.db_domain)
     (ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home)
     (SID_NAME=sid_name)
    )
  )

On Primary: Enter the following Value in Listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME=TST1TP_DGMGRL)
     (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/dbatst1/12.2.0.1/dbp1)
     (SID_NAME=TST1T)
    )
  )
On Standby: Enter the following Value in Listener.ora
SID_LIST_LISTENER=
  (SID_LIST=
    (SID_DESC=
     (GLOBAL_DBNAME=TST1TS_DGMGRL)
     (ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1)
     (SID_NAME=TST1T)
    )
  )

Step 5: Transfer Primary database password file to standby database

$ scp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapwTST1T oracle@test2:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/

Rename the password file to the standby database name.
NOTE: The password file name must match the instance name/SID used at the standby site, not the DB_NAME.

Step6> Prepare the Listener and TNS Entry for RMAN Duplicate

• Statically register the Standby instance to the listener
  

Enter the following the entry in the listener.ora of Standby database and reload the listener
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
     (ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1)
     (SID_NAME = TST1T)
    )
   )

• Prepare the TNS entry for RMAN duplicate
  

Prepare the TNS entry of Standby database for RMAN duplicate and enter it in tnsnames.ora file of both Primary and standby database.
TST1T_DUP =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP) (HOST = test2) (PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = TST1T)
      (UR = A)
    )
  )

• Verify the TNS Entry using tnsping
  

test1$ tnsping TST1T_DUP
test2$ tnsping TST1T_DUP

• Verify if the connection 'AS SYSDBA' is working

Verify from both Primary as well as from standby. You should be able to connect to the standby instance from primary even if it is not started.sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect sys/<passwd>@Primary AS SYSDBA
From Primary:
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect sys@TST1T_DUP as sysdba
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> connect sys@TST1TP  as sysdba
Enter password:
Connected.
From Standby:
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> connect sys@TST1T_DUP as sysdba
Enter password:
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> connect sys@TST1TP  as sysdba
Enter password:
Connected.

Step7> Create pfile from Primary for standby

SQL> create pfile='/u01/dbatst1/stage/backup/initTST1T.ora' from spfile;
File created.

Step8> Transfer the PFILE on Standby Server at $ORACLE_HOME/dbs
$ scp /u01/dbatst1/stage/backup/initTST1T.ora oracle@test2:/u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1/dbs/

Step9> modify the Pfile on Standby Server as shown below

*.db_unique_name='TST1TS'

Optionally

NOTE1:-If you have different file system/ASM DISK GROUP structure between Primary and standby then modify the following parameter accordingly

db_create_file_dest='ASM_DISKGROUP OR FILESYSTEM'
db_create_online_log_dest_1='ASM_DISKGROUP OR FILESYSTEM'
db_create_online_log_dest_2='ASM_DISKGROUP OR FILESYSTEM'

NOTE2:- If you are not willing to use OMF and you have different file system/ASM DISK GROUP structure between Primary and standby then include below Parameter in you init file of Standby.

db_file_name_convert = 'DB_FILE_LOCATION_ON_PRIMARY','DB_FILE_LOCATION_ON_STANDBY'
log_file_name_convert= 'ONLINELOG_FILE_LOCATION_ON_PRIMARY','ONLINELOG_FILE_LOCATION_ON_STANDBY'

Step10> Create Required directories on Standby Server

$ mkdir -p /u01/app/admin/TST1T/adump

Step11> On Standby Server: Set the Environment variables and start the Database Instance in NOMOUNT mode

$export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1
$export ORACLE_SID=TST1T
$export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH
$ sqlplus "/as sysdba"
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 2147483648 bytes
Fixed Size                  8794848 bytes
Variable Size            1912605984 bytes
Database Buffers          218103808 bytes
Redo Buffers                7979008 bytes

Step12> Create the Standby Using RMAN Duplicate

From Standby Database Server
$ rman
RMAN> connect target sys@TST1TP
target database Password:
connected to target database: TST1T (DBID=3422936628)
RMAN> connect auxiliary sys@TST1T_DUP
auxiliary database Password:
connected to auxiliary database: TST1T (not mounted)
RMAN> run
{
allocate channel ch1 device type disk;
allocate channel ch2 device type disk;
allocate auxiliary channel st1 type disk;
duplicate target database for standby from active database ;
release channel ch1;
release channel ch2;
}

To see the RMAN dulicate log click  here

Step13> From Primary Database: Create the dataguard broker configuration using dgmgrl utility

$ dgmgrl /
Welcome to DGMGRL, type "help" for information.
Connected to "TST1TP"
Connected as SYSDG.
DGMGRL> CREATE CONFIGURATION DG_TST1T AS PRIMARY DATABASE IS TST1TP CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS TST1TP;
Configuration "dg_tst1t" created with primary database "tst1tp"
DGMGRL> ADD DATABASE TST1TS AS CONNECT IDENTIFIER IS TST1TS;
Database "tst1ts" added
DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - dg_tst1t
  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Members:
  tst1tp - Primary database
    tst1ts - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
DISABLED
DGMGRL> enable configuration;
Enabled.

After you create the broker configuration and add the standby database to the configuration, as soon as you will enable the configuration, the broker will set log_archive_dest parameter automatically and start the logshipping and log apply process at standby database. 

Wait for 2 min and run show configuration again. You will that the standby database is now applying the logs or is in sync with primary

DGMGRL> show configuration;
Configuration - dg_tst1t
  Protection Mode: MaxPerformance
  Members:
  tst1tp - Primary database
    tst1ts - Physical standby database
Fast-Start Failover: DISABLED
Configuration Status:
SUCCESS   (status updated 49 seconds ago)

Step14> If using Oracle Restart optionally register the database with oracle restart

$srvctl add database -db TST1TS -oraclehome /u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1 -spfile /u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1/dbs/spfileTST1T.ora -pwfile /u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1/dbs/orapwTST1T -role PHYSICAL_STANDBY -startoption mount -dbname tst1t

$ srvctl config database -db TST1TS
Database unique name: TST1TS
Database name: tst1t
Oracle home: /u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1
Oracle user: oracle
Spfile: /u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1/dbs/spfileTST1T.ora
Password file: /u01/app/oracle/12.2.0.1/dbp1/dbs/orapwTST1T
Domain:
Start options: mount
Stop options: immediate
Database role: PHYSICAL_STANDBY
Management policy: AUTOMATIC
Disk Groups:
Services:
OSDBA group: oinstall
OSOPER group: oinstall
Database instance: TST1TS