The Central Inventory is corrupted

The oraInst.loc file specified is not valid.

./opatch lsinventory
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 12.2.0.1.13
Copyright (c) 2019, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.

Oracle Home       : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/home_1
Central Inventory : /home/oracle/oraInventory
   from           : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/home_1/oraInst.loc
OPatch version    : 12.2.0.1.13
OUI version       : 12.1.0.2.0
Log file location : /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/home_1/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2019-10-09_10-12-49AM_1.log

LsInventorySession failed: OPatch failed to locate Central Inventory.
Possible causes are:

The Central Inventory is corrupted
The oraInst.loc file specified is not valid.

OPatch failed with error code 73

Troubleshooting

Verify the content of $OH/oraInst.loc

cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/home_1/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/home/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=dba

Next verify the content of /etc/oraInst.loc

cat /etc/oraInst.loc

inventory_loc=/ora_app/oraInventory
inst_group=dba

Findings: As you can see the contents of both the files are different. Let us find out where the Inventory file actually exists

ls -lrt /home/oracle/oraInventory
total 0 <= no file exists here

ls -lrt /ora_app/oraInventory
total 32
-rwxrwx--- 1 oracle dba 1533 Jun 27 2016 orainstRoot.sh
-rw-rw---- 1 oracle dba 55 Jun 27 2016 oraInst.loc
drwxrwx--- 6 oracle dba 4096 Jun 27 2016 backup
drwxrwx--- 2 oracle dba 16384 Aug 26 22:02 logs
drwxrwx--- 2 oracle dba 4096 Oct 9 10:12 ContentsXML

So the inventory exists at /ora_app/oraInventory. The location of the inventory from /etc/oraInventory is correct.

Solution:

Replace the oraInst.loc file in OH with the copy of oraInst.loc in /etc/oraInst.loc

mv /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/home_1/oraInst.loc /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/home_1/oraInst.loc_wrong

cp /etc/oraInst.loc /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/home_1/oraInst.loc
cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0.2/home_1/oraInst.loc
inventory_loc=/ora_app/oraInventory
inst_group=dba

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